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Whalen. LIR Pharmacology. 8e. 2022.

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UNIT I: PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY
CHAPTER 1: PHARMACOKINETICS
I. General Pharmacology
II. Overview of Pharmacokinetics
III. Routes of Drug Administration
IV. Absorption of Drugs
V. Drug Distribution
VI. Drug Clearance through Metabolism
VII. Drug Clearance by the Kidney
VIII. Excretion by Other Routes
IX. Design and Optimization of Dosage Regimen
CHAPTER 2: DRUG–RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
I. Overview
II. Signal Transduction
III. Dose–Response Relationships
IV. Intrinsic Activity
V. Quantal Dose–Response Relationships
VI. Evaluation of Response to Therapy
VII. Drug–Drug Interactions
VIII. Adverse Drug Reactions

UNIT II: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
CHAPTER 3: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
I. Overview
II. Introduction to the Nervous System
III. Chemical Signaling Between Cells
IV. Signal Transduction in the Effector Cell
V. Autonomic Dysfunction (Dysautonomia)
CHAPTER 4: CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
I. Overview
II. The Cholinergic Neuron
III. Cholinergic Receptors (Cholinoceptors) 
IV. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists 
V. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Anticholinesterase Agents (Reversible)
VI. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Anticholinesterase Agents (Irreversible)
VII. Toxicology of Anticholinesterase Agents
CHAPTER 5: CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
I. Overview
II. Antimuscarinic Agents
III. Ganglionic Blockers
IV. Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents
CHAPTER 6: ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
I. Overview
II. The Adrenergic Neuron
III. Characteristics of Adrenergic Agonists
IV. Direct-Acting Adrenergic Agonists
V. Indirect-Acting Adrenergic Agonists
VI. Mixed-Action Adrenergic Agonists
CHAPTER 7: ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
I. Overview
II. Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents
III. Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents
IV. Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

UNIT III: DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CHAPTER 8: DRUGS FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
I. Overview
II. Neurotransmission in the CNS
III. Synaptic Potentials
IV. Neurodegenerative Diseases
V. Overview of Parkinson’s Disease
VI. Drugs Used in Parkinson’s Disease
VII. Drugs Used in Alzheimer’s Disease
VIII. Drugs Used in Multiple Sclerosis
IX. Drugs Used in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
CHAPTER 9: ANXIOLYTIC AND HYPNOTIC DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Benzodiazepines
III. Benzodiazepine Antagonist
IV. Other Anxiolytic Agents
V. Barbiturates
VI. Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic Agents
VII. Other Hypnotic Agents
CHAPTER 10: ANTIDEPRESSANTS
I. Overview
II. Mechanism of Antidepressant Drugs
III. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
IV. Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
V. Atypical Antidepressants
VI. Tricyclic Antidepressants
VII. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
VIII. Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists
IX. Treatment of Mania and Bipolar Disorder
CHAPTER 11: ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Schizophrenia
III. Antipsychotic Drugs
CHAPTER 12: DRUGS FOR EPILEPSY
I. Overview
II. Etiology of Seizures
III. Classification of Seizures
IV. Drug Selection
V. Antiseizure Medications
VI. Status Epilepticus
VII. Women’s Health and Epilepsy
CHAPTER 13: ANESTHETICS
I. Overview
II. Patient Factors in Selection of Anesthesia
III. Levels of Sedation
IV. Stages of General Anesthesia
V. Inhalation Anesthetics
 VI. Intravenous Anesthetics
VII. Neuromuscular Blockers
VIII. Local Anesthetics
IX. Anesthetic Adjuncts
CHAPTER 14: OPIOIDS
I. Overview
II. Opioid Receptors
III. Opioid Agonists
IV. Partial Agonists and Mixed Agonist–Antagonists
V. Other Analgesics
VI. Antagonists
CHAPTER 15: DRUGS OF ABUSE
I. Overview
II. Sympathomimetics
III. Hallucinogens
IV. Ethanol
V. Prescription Drug Abuse
CHAPTER 16: CNS STIMULANTS
I. Overview
II. Psychomotor Stimulants
III. Hallucinogens

UNIT IV: DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
CHAPTER 17: ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
I. Overview
II. Etiology of Hypertension
III. Mechanisms for Controlling Blood Pressure
IV. Treatment Strategies
V. Diuretics
VI. Beta-Adrenoceptor–Blocking Agents
VII. ACE Inhibitors
VIII. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
IX. Renin Inhibitor
X. Calcium Channel Blockers
XI. Alha-Adrenoceptor–Blocking Agents
XII. Alpha-/Beta-Adrenoceptor–Blocking Agents
XIII. Centrally Acting Adrenergic Drugs
XIV. Vasodilators
XV. Hypertensive Emergency
XVI. Resistant Hypertension
XVII. Hypertension in Pregnancy
XVIII. Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
XIX. Drug Interactions
CHAPTER 18: DIURETICS
I. Overview
II. Normal Regulation of Fluid
and Electrolytes by the Kidneys
III. Thiazides
V. Loop Diuretics
V. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
VI. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
VII. Osmotic Diuretics
CHAPTER 19: HEART FAILURE
I. Overview
II. Physiology of Muscle Contraction
III. Inhibitors of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
IV. Beta-Blockers
V. Diuretics
VI. Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor
VII. Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channel Blocker 
VIII. Vaso- and Venodilators 
IX. Inotropic Drugs 
X. Recombinant B-type Natriuretic Peptide
XI. Goals of Treatment and Order of Therapy
CHAPTER 20: ANTIARRHYTHMICS
I. Overview
II. Introduction to the Arrhythmias
III. Class I Antiarrhythmic Drugs
IV. Class II Antiarrhythmic Drugs
V. Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs
VI. Class IV Antiarrhythmic Drugs
VII. Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs
CHAPTER 21: ANTIANGINAL DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Types of Angina
III. Treatment Strategies
IV. b-Adrenergic Blockers
V. Calcium Channel Blockers
VI. Organic Nitrates
VII. Sodium Channel Blocker
CHAPTER 22: ANTICOAGULANTS AND ANTIPLATELET AGENTS
I. Overview
II. Thrombus Versus Embolus
III. Platelet Response to Vascular Injury
IV. Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
V. Blood Coagulation
VI. Parenteral Anticoagulants
VII. Vitamin K Antagonists
VIII. Direct Oral Anticoagulants
IX. Thrombolytic Drugs
X. Drugs Used to Treat Bleeding
CHAPTER 23: DRUGS FOR HYPERLIPIDEMIA
I. Overview
II. Treatment Goals
III. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

UNIT V: DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 24: PITUITARY AND THYROID
I. Overview
II. Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones
III. Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
IV. Thyroid Hormones
CHAPTER 25: DRUGS FOR DIABETES
I. Overview
II. Diabetes Mellitus
III. Insulin and Insulin Analogs
IV. Insulin Preparations and Treatment
V. Synthetic Amylin Analog
VI. Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists
VII. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHA)
VIII. Management of Diabetes
CHAPTER 26: ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS
I. Overview
II. Estrogens
III. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
IV. Progestogens
V. Contraceptives
VI. Androgens
CHAPTER 27: ADRENAL HORMONES
I. Overview
II. Corticosteroids
CHAPTER 28: DRUGS FOR OBESITY

UNIT VI: DRUGS FOR OTHER DISORDERS
CHAPTER 29: DRUGS FOR DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
I. Overview
II. Preferred Drugs Used to Treat Asthma
III. Alternative Drugs Used to Treat Asthma
IV. Drugs Used to Treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
V. Inhaler Technique
VI. Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Rhinitis
VII. Drugs Used to Treat Cough/ Antitussive agents
CHAPTER 30: ANTIHISTAMINES
I. Overview
II. Histamine
III. H1 Antihistamines
IV. Histamine H2-Receptor Blockers
V. Serotonin
VI. Drugs Used to Treat Headache Disorders
VII. Drugs for Obesity
CHAPTER 31: GASTROINTESTINAL AND ANTIEMETIC DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Drugs Used to Treat Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
III. Drugs Used to Control Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
IV. Therapeutic Use Of Antiemetic Drugs
V. Antidiarrheals
VI. Other Antidiarrheal drugs
VII. Laxatives
VIII. Gastrokinetic Agents
IX. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
X. Drugs Used to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease
CHAPTER 32: DRUGS FOR UROLOGIC DISORDERS
I. Overview
II. Drugs Used to Treat Erectile Dysfunction
III. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
CHAPTER 33: DRUGS FOR ANEMIA
I. Overview
II. Agents Used to Treat Anemias
III. Agents Used to Treat Neutropenia
IV. Agents Used to Treat Sickle Cell Disease
CHAPTER 34: DRUGS FOR DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
I. Overview
II. Topical Preparations
III. Agents for Acne
IV. Agents for Superficial Bacterial Infections
V. Agents Used for Rosacea
VI. Agents for Pigmentation Disorders
VII. Agents for Psoriasis
VIII. Agents for Alopecia
CHAPTER 35: DRUGS FOR BONE DISORDERS
I. Overview
II. Bone Remodeling
III. Prevention of Osteoporosis
IV. Treatment of Osteoporosis
CHAPTER 36: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIPYRETIC, AND ANALGESIC AGENTS
I. Overview
II. Prostaglandins
III. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.
IV. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
V. Traditional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
VI. Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
VII. Other Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis
VIII. Drugs Used for the Treatment of Gout

UNIT VII: CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
CHAPTER 37: PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
I. Overview
II. Selection of Antimicrobial Agents
III. Route of Administration
IV. Determinants of Rational Dosing
V. Chemotherapeutic Spectra
VI. Combinations of Antimicrobial Drugs
VII. Drug Resistance
VIII. General Antibiotic Use Guidelines
IX. Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics
X. Complications of Antibiotic Therapy
XI. Sites of Antimicrobial Action
CHAPTER 38: CELL WALL INHIBITORS
I. Overview
II. Penicillins
III. Cephalosporins
IV. Other b-Lactam Antibiotics
V. b-Lactamase Inhibitors
VI. Vancomycin
VII. Lipoglycopeptides
VIII. Daptomycin
IX. Fosfomycin
X. Polymyxins
CHAPTER 39: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
I. Overview
II. Tetracyclines
III. Glycylcyclines
IV. Aminoglycosides
V. Macrolides and Ketolides
VI. Fidaxomicin
VII. Chloramphenicol
VIII. Clindamycin
IX. Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
X. Oxazolidinones
CHAPTER 40: QUINOLONES, FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS, AND URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS
I. Fluoroquinolones
II. Folate Antagonists
III. Sulfonamides
IV. Trimethoprim
V. Cotrimoxazole
VI. Urinary Tract Antiseptics/Antimicrobials
CHAPTER 41: ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Chemotherapy for Tuberculosis
III. Drugs for Leprosy
CHAPTER 42: ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Drugs for Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycotic Infections
III. Drugs for Cutaneous Mycotic Infections
IV. Miscellaneous Agents Meant for Topical Use in Fungal Infections
CHAPTER 43: ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Chemotherapy for Amebiasis
III. Chemotherapy for Giardiasis
IV. Chemotherapy for Malaria
V. Chemotherapy for Trypanosomiasis
VI. Chemotherapy fo Leishmaniasis
VII. Chemotherapy for Toxoplasmosis
VIII. Chemotherapy for Lymphatic Filariasis
CHAPTER 44: ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Drugs for the Treatment of Nematodes
III. Drugs for the Treatment of Trematodes
IV. Drugs for the Treatment of Cestodes
CHAPTER 45: ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Treatment of Respiratory Viral Infections
III. Treatment of Hepatic Viral Infections
IV. Treatment of Hepatitis B
V. Treatment of Hepatitis C
VI. Treatment of Herpes Virus Infections
VII. Treatment of HIV Infection
VIII. NRTIs Used to Treat HIV Infection
IX. NNRTIs Used to Treat HIV Infection
X. Protease Inhibitors Used to Treat HIV Infection
XI. Entry Inhibitors
XII. Integrase Inhibitors
XIII. Pharmacokinetic Enhancers
XIV. National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) Guidelines
CHAPTER 46: ANTICANCER DRUGS
I. Overview
II. Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy
III. Antimetabolites
IV. Antibiotics
V. Alkylating Agents
VI. Microtubule Inhibitors
VII. Steroid Hormones and Their Antagonists
VIII. Platinum Coordination Complexes
IX. Topoisomerase Inhibitors
X. Antibodies
XI. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
XII. Immunotherapy
XIII. Miscellaneous Agents
CHAPTER 47: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
I. Overview
II. Induction and Rejection Immunosuppressant Medications
III. Maintenance Immunosuppressant Medications
IV. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants

UNIT VIII: TOXICOLOGY
CHAPTER 48: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
I. Overview
II. Emergency Treatment of the Poisoned Patient
III. Select Pharmaceutical and Occupational Toxicities
IV. Antidotes

CHAPTER 47: ANTISNAKE VENOM
I. Overview
II. Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
III. Management of Snakebite
IV. Management of neurotoxic (neuroparalytic) envenomation

Chapter 48: DRUGS OF ABUSE
I. Overview
II. Sympathomimetics
III. Hallucinogens
IV. Ethanol
V. Prescription Drug Abuse

APPENDIX : Drugs and Dosages