Home Medias & Documents
Maps > Medicine
Neurology & Special Senses - Neurologie - Neurologia
SIMPLE CONTENTS
NEWS & UPDATES
MAPS
OVERVIEW
EMBRYOLOGY, HISTOLOGY, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
OTOLOGY
OPHTHALMOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY
REFERENCES
FRANÇAIS - NEUROLOGIE
ITALIANO - NEUROLOGIA
TOC
DETAILED
CONTENTS
NEWS & UPDATES
MAPS
OVERVIEW
EMBRYOLOGY
HISTOLOGY, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI
POSTERIOR FOSSA
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
SPINAL CORD
PATHOLOGY
ASSESSMENT
HISTORY AND CORTICAL FUNCTION
CRANIAL NERVES AND NEURO-OPTHALMOLOGY
SPINE, PERIPHERAL NERVES, GAIT AND CO-ORDINATION
INVESTIGATIONS
CT
MRI, MRS and PET
NCS, EMG and EEG
SYMPTOMS
HEADACHE AND FACIAL PAIN
DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY
FAINTNESS, SYNCOPE AND COMA
WEAKNESS AND PARAESTHESIA
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA
INFECTION
NON-VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
TUMOURS
BRAIN TUMOURS
SPINAL TUMOURS
VASCULAR
STROKE
SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE AND ANEURYSMS
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
OTHER VASCULAR LESIONS
AUTOIMMUNE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER DEMYELINATING DISEASES
METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
TRAUMA
HEAD INJURIES
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
NEUROINTENSIVE CARE
SPINAL INJURIES
SPINE
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF CERVICAL SPINE
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF THORACO-LUMBAR SPINE
AUTOIMMUNE, METABOLIC AND VASCULAR DISEASES OF THE SPINE
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS
FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY
PAEDIATRIC
APPROACH TO THE PAEDIATRIC PATIENT
CSF CIRCULATION AND HYDROCEPHALUS
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES
DISORDERS OF NERVE AND MUSCLE
DISEASE OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVES DISEASE OF THE MUSCLE
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND ANTERIOR HORN CELL DISORDERS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE CELLS
DEMYELINATION
DISORDERS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
DISEASES OF THE MOTOR UNIT AND MUSCLES
DIAGNOSIS OF MOTOR UNIT DISEASES
LESIONS OF THE DESCENDING MOTOR TRACTS
DISEASES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA
LESIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM
ABNORMALITIES OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM
PAIN
DISORDERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
LESIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
EPILEPSY
SLEEP DISORDERS
CONSCIOUSNESS
APHASIAS
DISORDERS OF MEMORY
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
DEPRESSION
SCHIZOPHRENIA
DEPENDENCE, ADDICTION
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
OTOLOGY
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
OPHTHALMOLOGY
DISEASES OF THE OPTICAL APPARATUS OF THE EYE
DISEASES OF THE RETINA
VISUAL PATHWAY AND PROCESSING OF VISUAL INFORMATION
PHARMACOLOGY
FRANÇAIS - NEUROLOGIE
ITALIANO - NEUROLOGIA
TOC
MAPS
TOC
EMBRYOLOGY, HISTOLOGY, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
TOC
EMBRYOLOGY
NEURAL DEVELOPMENT
Gastrulation
NEURULATION
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
Spinal dysraphism
Spina bifida occulta
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Myeloschisis
Cranial dysraphism
Anencephaly
CROSS-SECTION OF THE NEURAL TUBE
REGIONALIZATION OF NEURAL TUBE
CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS ORIGINS
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
FORMATION OF BRAIN VESICLES
BRAIN MALFORMATIONS
Holoprosencephaly
Lissencephaly
Hydrocephalus
Microcephaly
POSTERIOR FOSSA MALFORMATIONS
Chiari I malformation
Chiari II malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation syndrome
SYRINGOMYELIA
TONGUE DEVELOPMENT
TOC
HISTOLOGY, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neurons
Neuroglia
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Myelin
Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
NEURON ACTION POTENTIAL
INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION
Synapses
Neuromuscular Junction
Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
SENSORY CORPUSCLES RECEPTORS
Free nerve endings
Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Merkel discs
Ruffini corpuscles
ORGANIZATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES
CHROMATOLYSIS
Wallerian degeneration
NEUROTRANSMITTER CHANGES WITH DISEASE
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
MENINGES
Pathology of the Meninges
Epidural Hemorrhage
Subdural Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Meningitis
Meningioma
Carcinomatous Meningitis
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
VOMITING CENTER
SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY
(Le FA 1 2024 Neurology Sleep Physiology) V1 JPG
VENTRICLES
Ventricular System
Hydrocephalus
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
Communicating hydrocephalus
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
Pseudotumor cerebri
BLOOD SUPPLY
Circle of Willis
Dural Veins & Sinuses
Venous sinus thrombosis
Cerebral perfusion
Homunculus
Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution
Watershed zones
CEREBRAL CORTEX REGIONS
Organization
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobes
Cerebral perfusion
Homunculus
DEEP BRAIN STRUCTURES
BASAL GANGLIA
THALAMUS
INTERNAL CAPSULE
HYPOTHALAMUS
Diseases of the Hypothalamus
Central diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Craniopharyngioma
Pituitary adenomas
LIMBIC SYSTEM
CEREBELLUM
Anatomy
Major Pathways
Cerebellar Dysfunction and Syndromes
BRAIN STEM
Dopaminergic pathways
MIDBRAIN
PONS
MEDULLA
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
SPINAL CORD
Blood Supply
Function
Levels of the Spinal Cord
Unique Structures
Myotatic Reflex
Reflexes and Corresponding Levels
Cross-Section of the Spinal Cord
Tracts of the Spinal Cord Spinal cord & associated tracts Spinal tract anatomy and functions
Corticospinal Tracts
Lateral corticospinal tract
Ventral corticospinal tract
Hypothalamospinal tract
Other motor tracts
Sensory Pathways
Dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway
Sensory receptors
First-order neurons
Second-order neurons
Third-order neurons
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Clinical reflexes
Primitive reflexes
Landmark dermatomes
Brown-Séquard Syndrome
Lesions of the Spinal Cord
Spinal cord—lower extent
CRANIAL NERVES
Cranial nerve nuclei
Vagal nuclei
Cranial nerves and vessel pathways
Cranial nerves and arteries
Cranial nerve reflexes
Mastication muscles
Cranial Nerve Lesions
SPINAL NERVES
SENSORY PATHWAYS
Visual System
Visual Pathway
Auditory System
Auditory Pathway
Hearing Defects
Vestibular System
Labyrinth
Vestibular Pathways
Olfactory System
Olfactory Pathway
Gustatory System
Gustatory Pathway
TOC
PATHOLOGY
(Moi Random Old Stuff) V1 PDF
TOC
COMMON BRAIN LESIONS
Prefrontal cortex
Frontal eye fields
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Dominant parietal cortex
Nondominant parietal cortex
Basal ganglia
Subthalamic nucleus
Mammillary bodies
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Dorsal midbrain
Reticular activating system
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Cerebellar hemisphere
Cerebellar vermis
TOC
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
TOC
VENTRICULAR SYSTEM MALFORMATIONS
HYDROCEPHALUS
NONCOMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Congenital Aqueduct of Sylvius Stenosis
Chiari Malformation
COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS
Meningitis
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
-Communicating
-Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
HYDROCEPHALUS MIMICS
-Ex Vacuo Ventriculomegaly
TOC
CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS - ISCHEMIC BRAIN DISEASE/STROKE
Ischemic stroke
Thrombotic
Embolic
Hypoxic
Transient ischemic attack
Thrombotic Stroke (Pale Infarction)
Embolic Stroke (Hemorrhagic Infarction)
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Lacunar Infarcts
Stroke Presentation According to Cerebral Location of Occlusion - Effects of strokes
Anterior circulation
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Lenticulo-striate artery
Posterior circulation
Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (lateral pontine syndrome)
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (Wallenberg syndrome/lateral medullary syndrome)
Anterior spinal artery
Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage
Central poststroke pain
Phantom limb pain
Diffuse axonal injury
Aneurysms
Saccular aneurysm
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm
Fever vs heat stroke
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
TOC
ABNORMAL MOTOR POSTURING
Decorticate (flexor) posturing
Decerebrate (extensor) posturing
TOC
DYSKINESIAS
Chorea
Diseases Characterized by Chorea
Athetosis
Hemiballismus
TOC
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Akathisia
Asterixis
Athetosis
Chorea
Dystonia
Essential tremor
Intention tremor
Resting tremor
Hemiballismus
Myoclonus
Restless legs syndrome
TOC
APHASIAS
Broca (expressive)
Wernicke (receptive)
Conduction
Global
TOC
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Motor Neuron Lesions
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Werdnig-Hoffman disease (infantile spinal muscular atrophy type)
Poliomyelitis
Cerebral Cortex Lesions
-Alzheimer disease
-Frontotemporal dementia (Pick disease)
-Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
Prion diseases (spongiform encephalopathies):
-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD),
variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD),
Kuru,
fatal familial insomnia (FFI)
-Multi-infarct (vascular) dementia
Basal Ganglia Lesions
-Huntington disease
-Parkinson disease (PD)
Wilson disease
Spinocerebellar Lesions
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
Friedreich ataxia
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
-HIV-associated dementia
TOC
DEMYELINATING DISEASES
-Multiple Sclerosis
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Acute Disseminated (Postinfectious) Encephalomyelitis
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculopathy
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (Central Pontine Myelinolysis)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Krabbe disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy
TOC
SEIZURES
Partial (one area of the brain) (focal)
Simple partial
Complex partial
Generalized
Absence
Myoclonic
Tonic-clonic
Tonic
Atonic
TOC
CEREBRAL EDEMA
Cytotoxic edema
Vasogenic edema
TOC
CEREBRAL CONTUSION
TOC
PRIMARY BRAIN NEOPLASMS
Adult peak incidence
Glioblastoma multiforme
Hemangioblastoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Pinealoma
Schwannoma-neurofibroma
Pituitary Adenomas
Childhood peak incidence
Craniopharyngioma
Ependymoma
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Retinoblastoma
Pineal gland tumors
TOC
NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS
Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT, Louis-Bar syndrome)
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS)
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, von Recklinghausen disease)
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome
TOC
SPINAL CORD & PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS
Motor neuron signs Comparison of Lower & Upper Motor Neuron Lesions
Weakness
Atrophy
Fasciculations
Reflexes
Tone
Babinski
Spastic paresis
Flaccid paralysis
Clasp knife spasticity
Upper Extremity Nerve Injury
Lower Extremity Nerve Injury
Spinal lesions
Spinal muscular atrophy
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Complete occlusion of anterior spinal artery
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary Syphilis)
Syringomyelia
Subacute Combined Degeneration (Vitamin B12 Defciency)
Cauda equina syndrome
Brown-Séquard Syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Klumpke Palsy)
Friedreich ataxia
TOC
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy
TOC
CRANIAL NERVE PALSY
Common cranial nerve lesions
CN V motor lesion
CN X lesion
CN XI lesion
CN XII lesion (LMN)
Cranial Nerve Palsies
CN III
CN IV
CN V motor lesion
CN VII
CN X lesion
CN XI lesion
CN XII lesion (LMN)
Defects in Eye Movement
CN III Lesion
CN IV Lesion
CN VI Lesion
Facial Lesions
UMN Lesion
LMN Lesion
Visual Field Defects
Uveitis
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Syndrome)
TOC
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS
Viral
Bacterial (meningitis)
Fungal
Parasitic
Brain abscess
Meningitis
TOC
HERNIATION SYNDROMES
Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
Central/downward transtentorial herniation
Uncal transtentorial herniation
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation into the foramen magnum
TOC
HEADACHE SYNDROMES
Migraines
Tension-Type Headaches
Cluster Headaches
Trigeminal Neuralgia
TOC
OTOLOGY
Auditory anatomy and physiology
Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
Otitis externa
Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa
Otitis media
Mastoiditis
Common causes of hearing loss
Noise-induced hearing loss
Presbycusis
Diagnosing hearing loss
Normal
Conductive
Sensorineural
Types of hearing loss
Cholesteatoma
Vertigo
Peripheral vertigo
Central vertigo
TOC
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Normal eye anatomy
Conjunctivitis
Refractive errors
Hyperopia
Myopia
Astigmatism
Lens disorders
Presbyopia
Cataract
Lens dislocation
Aqueous humor pathway
Trabecular outflow (90%)
Uveoscleral outflow (10%)
Glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Retinal disorders
Age-related macular degeneration
Diabetic retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy
Retinal artery occlusion
Retinal vein occlusion
Retinal detachment
Retinitis pigmentosa
Papilledema
Leukocoria
Uveitis
Pupillary control
Miosis
Pupillary light reflex
Mydriasis
Relative afferent pupillary defect Marcus Gunn pupil
Horner syndrome
Ocular motility
CN III, IV, VI palsies
CN III damage
CN IV damage
CN VI damage
Visual field defects
Cavernous sinus
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
TOC
PHARMACOLOGY
TOC
FRANÇAIS - NEUROLOGIE
NEUROLOGIE
CÉPHALÉES ET ALGIES FACIALES
EPILEPSIES ET PERTES DE CONNAISSANCE
NEUROPATHIES PÉRIPHÉRIQUES, SLA ET MUSCLES
SCLÉROSE EN PLAQUES ET DIAGNOSTICS DIFFÉRENTIELS
PARKINSON ET DÉMENCES
ACCIDENTS VASCULAIRES CÉRÉBRAUX (A & B)
ACCIDENTS ISCHÉMIQUES CÉRÉBRAUX (AIC)
HÉMORRAGIES CÉRÉBRALES
THROMBOSES VEINEUSES INTRACRÂNIENNES
SITUATIONS CLINIQUES À CONNAÎTRE
MÉNINGITES ET ENCÉPHALITES
SYNDROMES CONFUSIONNELS ET COMAS NON TRAUMATIQUES
ANATOMO-PATHOLOGIE
TUMEURS ET DÉMYÉLINISATION
ACCIDENTS VASCULAIRES CÉRÉBRAUX ET TRAUMATISMES
PATHOLOGIE INFECTIEUSE, TOXIQUE, DÉGÉNÉRATIVE ET NEUROMUSCULAIRE
TOC
ITALIANO - NEUROLOGIA
TOC
REFERENCES
Tailor. Neurology and Neurosurgery at a Glance. 1e. 2020.
Le. First Aid USMLE Step 1. Neurology & Special Senses. 35e. 2025. 30e. 2020.
Le. First Aid Basic Sciences Organ Systems. Neurology & Special Senses. 3e. 2017.
Biller. DeMyer's Neurologic Examination. 7e. 2016.
neurology-and-neurosurgery-illustrated-5ed.pdf
neurology-for-non-neurologists-videos-and-pdf
Neurologie Minimum Vital 2002
Caratini. Collection. Médecine. Neurologie. 1985.
http://medimaps.co.uk/neurology/
http://cim.ucdavis.edu/EyeRelease/Interface/TopFrame.htm
http://www.semep.co.uk/syncope.html
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/home_exam.html
https://neurologicexam.med.utah.edu/
CLINICAL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316836/pdf/jnnp-2013-306881.pdf
ANS
https://web.archive.org/web/20181206053244/https://neuroscience.nih.gov/publications/PrinciplesofAutonomicMedicine30.pdf
COGNITIVE DISORDERS
https://mapsontheweb.zoom-maps.com/post/690113454122614784/the-cognitive-disorder-atlas-an-overview-of-the
https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/vzlk46/oc_the_cognitive_disorder_atlas_an_overview_of/
https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/
MORE REFERENCES
TOC
NEWS & UPDATES
DONE
DOING
TOC
Wayback Machine