| PREFERTILISATION | WEEK 1 | WEEK 2 | WEEK 3 | PLACENTA, AMNIOTIC FLUID & UMBILICAL CORD | WEEKS 3 - 8 EMBRYONIC | WEEKS 9 - 38 FETAL |
| CIRCULATORY |
NERVOUS |
DIGESTIVE | BODY CAVITIES | URINARY | HEAD & NECK | EYE | MUSCULAR | EAR | ENDOCRINE |
| LIMBS |
INTEGUMENTARY | SKELETAL |
RESPIRATORY |
REPRODUCTIVE | PREGNANCY | TERATOLOGY | BIRTH DEFECTS & ANTENATAL SCREENING |
| MAPS |
| (Bie Early Dvpt Phenomenology Contents) V1 JPG WebArchive (Caratini Panorama Biologie Embryologie Sommaire) V1 JPG WebArchive (Dudek HY 2013 Contents) V1 PDF (Dudek BRS 2014 Contents) V1 PDF |
| GENERALITIES |
| Important genes of embryogenesis | Early embryonic/fetal development | Embryologic derivatives |
| Types of errors in morphogenesis | Teratogens | Fetal alcohol syndrome | Neonatal abstinence syndrome |
| PREFERTILISATION GAMETOGENESIS |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| LMP WEEK -2 |
| PRE - EMBRYONIC WEEK 1 - 3 |
| WEEK 1 |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Fertilisation Day 0 | From Zygote to Blastocyst Day 0 - 5 Cleavage > Blastomeres | Morula 4 Inner = Embryoblast Outer = Trophoblast > hCG |
Blastocyst 5 Cavity = Blastocoele hCG begins around the time of |
Implantation 5 6-10 13 Hatching out of its Zona Pellucida Blastocyst "sticks" at day six |
| WEEK 2 |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Embryoblast > Epiblast > Amnioblats > Amniotic Cavity > Hypoblast > Exocoelomic Membrane > Primitive Yolk Sac = Bilaminar Disc = 2 Layers + 2 Cavities | Trophoblast part of the Placenta > Cyototrophoblast > Primary Chorionic Villi > Syncytiotrophoblast > hCG = 2 Layers | ExtraEmbryonic Mesoderm < Epiblast Vacuoles > Extraembryonic Coelom = Chorionic Cavity > Somatic > Chorionic Plate ( Lining the Cytotrophoblast & Amnion ) > Visceral = Splanchnic (Covering Yolk Sac) = 2 Layers |
| WEEK 3 - WEEKS 3–8 EMBRYONIC (ORGANOGENESIS) Extremely susceptible to teratogens |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Gastrulation Day 14 Epiblast invaginate > Primitive streak > Endoderm > Mesoderm > Ectoderm = Trilaminar Disc | Germ Layers Day 15 Notochord < Midline Mesoderm Overlying Ectoderm > Neural Plate | Ectoderm CNS PNS Sensory epit. ear nose eye Skin hair nails Pituitary mammary sweat glands & enamel of the teeth | Mesoderm - Paraxial > Somitomeres > Somites > Myotome + Sclerotome + Dermatome All supporting tissues - Intermediate - Lateral plate Vascular Urogenital Spleen Cortex of the suprarenal glands |
Endoderm GIT RT Urinary bladder Parenchyma thyroid, parathyroids, liver, & pancreas Epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity & auditory tube |
| WEEKS 9 - 38 FETAL (SYSTEMS) |
| (Sadler) V1 PDF |
| PLACENTA, AMNIOTIC FLUID & UMBILICAL CORD |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| CARDIOVASCULAR |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Heart morphogenesis Cardiac looping Septation of the chambers Atria Patent foramen ovale Ventricles Ventricular septal defect Outflow tract formation Valve development Aortic arch derivatives Heart embryology Fetal circulation Fetal-postnatal derivatives |
| NERVOUS |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Neural development Notochord induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and form neural plate. Neural plate gives rise to neural tube and neural crest cells. Notochord becomes nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc in adults. | Regional specification of developing brain | Central and peripheral nervous systems origins -Neuroepithelia in Neural Tube -Neural Crest -Mesoderm -> Microglia (like Macrophages) | Tongue development |
| Neural Tube = NT Neuropepithelia -> CNS neurons, ependymal cells (inner lining of ventricles, make CSF), oligodendrocytes, astrocytes |
| Pathology = NTDs (Lower & Upper) |
| Neural Crest Cells -> PNS neurons, Schwann cells, glia, melanocytes, adrenal medulla |
| Pathology = NeuroCristoPathy = Maldevelopment of neural crest cells -Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MC) -Schwannoma -Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; von Reckling-hausen disease) -Waardenburg syndrome (WS) -CHARGE association -Hirschsprung disease -Cleft palate and lip -Digeorge syndrome -Pheochromocytoma -Neuroblastoma |
| Placodes |
| Vesicle Development of the NT |
| Histogenesis of the NT |
| Layers of the Early NT |
| Spinal Cord |
| MYelencephalon |
| MeTencephalon |
| MeSencephalon |
| DIencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis |
| Telencephalon |
| Sympathetic nervous system |
| Paraympathetic nervous system |
| Cranial Nerves |
| Choroid Plexus |
| Pathology Congenital Malformations of the CNS |
| Neural tube defects = NTDs -Spina bifida occulta -Meningocele -Myelomeningocele -Myeloschisis -Anencephaly |
Holoprosencephaly |
Lissencephaly |
Posterior fossa malformations -Chiari I malformation -Chiari II malformation -Dandy-Walker malformation |
Syringomyelia |
| Variations of spina bifida -occulta -with meningocele -with meningomyelocele -with rachischisis |
Variations of cranium bifida -with meningocele -with meningoencephalocele -with meningohydroencephalocele |
Anencephaly (meroanencephaly) |
Arnold-Chiari malformation |
Hydrocephalus -Communicating (or nonobstructive) -Noncommunicating (or obstructive) --Congenital aqueductal stenosis --Dandy-Walker syndrome |
| Porencephaly (encephaloclastic porencephaly) |
Hydranencephaly |
Schizencephaly |
Holoprosencephaly (arhinencephaly) |
Tethered spinal cord (filum terminale syndrome) |
Chordoma |
| EAR |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Minor auricular malformations Low-set slanted auricles Preauricular sinus Auricular appendages Atresia of the external auditory meatus Congenital cholesteatoma epidermoid cyst Microtia Congenital deafness |
| EYE |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Coloboma iridis Congenital cataracts Congenital glaucoma buphthalmos Detached retina Persistent iridopupillary membrane Microphthalmia Hereditary retinoblastoma Anophthalmia Cyclopia Retinocele Retrolental fibroplasia Papilledema Retinitis pigmentosa |
| DIGESTIVE |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Normal gastrointestinal embryology |
| Primitive gut tube |
| Foregut Derivatives |
| ESOPHAGUS |
| Tracheoesophageal anomalies Esophageal atresia Esophageal stenosis Esophageal duplication Vascular compression of the esophagus Achalasia |
| STOMACH |
| Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
| LIVER |
| GALLBLADDER & EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS |
| Developmental anomalies of the gall bladder Developmental anomalies of the cystic duct Biliary atresia Intrahepatic gall bladder Floating gall bladder |
| PANCREAS |
| Accessory pancreatic duct Pancreas and spleen embryology Pancreas divisum Annular pancreas Hyperplasia of pancreatic islets |
| UPPER DUODENUM |
| Midgut Derivatives |
| LOWER DUODENUM |
| JEJUNUM, ILEUM, CECUM, APPENDIX, ASCENDING COLON, AND THE PROXIMAL TWO-THIRDS OF THE TRANSVERSE, COLON |
| Ventral wall defects Omphalocele Gastroschisis Congenital umbilical hernia Ileal diverticulum (Meckel’s diverticulum) Nonrotation of the midgut loop Malrotation of the midgut loop Reversed rotation of the midgut loop Intestinal atresia and stenosis Duodenal atresia Jejunal and ileal atresia Duplication of the intestines Intussusception Retrocecal and retrocolic appendix Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome |
| Hindgut Derivatives |
| DISTAL ONE-THIRD OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON, DESCENDING COLON, SIGMOID COLON |
| RECTUM AND UPPER ANAL CANAL |
| Colonic aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease) Rectovesical fistula Rectourethral fistula Rectovaginal fistula |
| Anal Canal |
| Imperforate anus Anal agenesis Anorectal agenesis Rectal atresia |
| Mesenteries |
| RESPIRATORY |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Upper |
| Lower |
| LARYNX |
| TRACHEA |
| Tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula at the distal one-third end of the trachea Esophageal atresia only H-type tracheoesophageal fistula only Esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula at both proximal and distal ends Esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula at the proximal end |
| BRONCHI |
| Bronchopulmonary segment Congenital lobar emphysema Congenital bronchogenic cysts Bronchiectasis |
| LUNGS |
| Aeration at birth Hyaline Membrane Disease Pulmonary agenesis Pulmonary aplasia Pulmonary hypoplasia Cystic fibrosis |
| HEAD & NECK |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| First arch syndrome Pharyngeal fistula Pharyngeal cyst Ectopic thymus, parathyroid, or thyroid tissue Thyroglossal duct cyst Congenital hypothyroidism Cretinism Cleft palate Cleft lip DiGeorge syndrome Ankyloglossia |
| URINARY |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Renal agenesis Renal hypoplasia Renal dysplasia Renal ectopia Renal fusion Renal artery stenosis UreteroPelvic Junction obstruction Childhood polycystic kidney disease Wilms tumor Ureteropelvic duplications Exstrophy of the bladder Urachal fistula or cyst Ectopic opening of the ureter Ureterocele | Potter sequence Horseshoe kidney Congenital solitary functioning kidney Unilateral renal agenesis Multicystic dysplastic kidney Duplex collecting system Posterior urethral valves Vesicoureteral reflux |
| REPRODUCTIVE |
| FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Atresia of the vagina Uterine anomalies Hymen variations |
| MALE REPRODUCTIVE |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Male anomalies Other anomalies of the reproductive system |
| INTEGUMENTARY |
| SKELETAL |
| MUSCULAR |
| LIMBS |
| UPPER LIMB |
| LOWER LIMB |
| ENDOCRINE |
| Thyroid development |
| BODY CAVITIES |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Esophageal hiatal hernia |
| PREGNANCY |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| TERATOLOGY |
| (Dudek HY 2013) V1 PDF |
| ANTENATAL SCREENING |
| REFERENCES |
| MORE REFERENCES |
| PREFERTILISATION | SPERMATOGENESIS Puberty - Death |
OOGENESIS WEEK 12 - Menopause |
| WITHIN WEEK 1 |
FERTILISATION DAY 0 Fertilized oocyte | ZYGOTE Pronuclei Morula |
BLASTOCYST Days 2 - 3 Loss of Zona Pellucida |
Free Days 4 - 5 |
Attaching 5 - 6 "Six Sticks" |
hCG secretion begins around the time of IMPLANTATION 7 - 12 | PLACENTA Day 7 - WEEK 12 |
| WITHIN WEEK 2 BIlaminar disc Embryoblast = Epiblast + Hypoblast | EMBRYOBLAST + TROPHOBLAST |
EXTRAEMBRYONIC MESODERM |
Primitive streak Gastrulation 13 - 15 |
| WITHIN WEEK 3 GASTRULATION forms TRIlaminar disc Cells from Epiblast invaginate -> Primitive Streak -> Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm |
Notochordal process 15 - 17 Notochord arises from midline mesoderm overlying ectoderm becomes neural plate |
GERM LAYERS = Trilaminar 15 |
WEEKS 3 - 8 EMBRYONIC PERIOD Organogenesis Neural tube formed by neuroectoderm & closes BY WEEK 4 Extremely susceptible to teratogens |
WEEKS 9 - 38 FETAL PERIOD Systems Development |
|
WEEK 4 Heart begins to beat Upper & lower limb buds begin to form | CIRCULATORY HEART TUBE 16 - 28 First functional organ vertebrate |
FOLDING 17 - 30 |
NERVOUS NEURULATION 18 - 28 |
SEGMENTATION 18 - 35 |
BLOOD VESSELS 18 - BIRTH |
Primitive pit Notochordal canal 17 - 19 |
SOMITE
Number 1 - 3 Neural folds Cardiac primordium Head fold 19 - 21 |
| DIGESTIVE 21 - 50 |
BODY CAVITIES 21 - WEEK 8 |
URINARY 21 - Birth |
HEAD & NECK ARCH I - II 21 Onwards |
ARCH III - IV - VI 28 Onwards |
SOMITE
Number 4 - 12 Neural fold fuses 22 - 23 |
EYE WEEKS 3 - 10 |
MIGRATION NEURAL CREST CELLS 22 - |
MUSCULAR 22 - WEEK 9 |
| EAR 22 - BIRTH |
CENTRAL NERVOUS 22 - POSTNATAL |
SOMITE
Number 13 - 20 |
CRANIAL = ROSTRAL NEUROPORE CLOSES 23 - 26 |
ENDOCRINE 21 - BIRTH | SOMITE
Number 21 - 29 CAUDAL NEUROPORE CLOSES 26 - 30 |
4 LIMBS BUDS WEEK 4 - ADULT | HEART TUBE DIVIDES INTO 4 CHAMBERS 27 - 37 Beats spontaneously BY WEEK 4 |
| WEEK 5 | INTEGUMENTARY Periderm or epitrichium | SKELETAL 27 - Birth |
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS 27 - Birth MUSCULOSKELETAL |
RESPIRATORY 28 - CHILDHOOD |
Somite Number 30 Leg buds Lens PLACODE Pharyngeal arches 28 - 32 |
| WEEK 6 CARDIAC ACTIVITY visible by transvaginal ultrasound |
Lens pit Optic cup 31 - 35 |
Lens vesicle Nasal pit Hand plate 35 - 38 |
Nasal pits moved ventrally Auricular hillocks Foot plate 37 - 42 |
ATRIAL SEPTA |
|
WEEK 7 |
Finger rays 42 - 44 | OSSIFICATION commences 44 - 48 |
| WEEK 8 Fetal MOVEMENTS start "Eight Gait" |
Straightening of trunk 48 - 51 | Upper limbs longer & bent at elbow 51 - 53 |
|
WEEK 10 "Ten Genitalia" Have male/female characteristics |
Eyelids External ears 54 - 56 |
Rounded head Body & limbs 56 - 60 |
REPRODUCTIVE DUCTS & GENITALIA 35 - Postnatal |
GONADS 30 - Postnatal |
|
BY WEEK 20 CAN HEAR EXTERNAL SOUNDS |
| BIRTH DEFECTS & ANTENATAL SCREENING |
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Dr. Jaap van der Wal - Interview/ Entrevista. Embryo in Motion/ Embrión en Movimiento (English - subtítulos español) from in1tero on Vimeo. |