GENERALITIES
(Medimaps) V1 PDF
(Minimum Vital 2002) V1 PDF
(Le FA 1) V1 PDF
EMBRYOLOGY
RESPIRATORY DEVELOPMENT & BIRTH Larynx Trachea Bronchi and Bronchioles Lungs Embryonic (weeks 4–7)
Pseudoglandular Period (Weeks 5–16 17)
Canalicular Period (Weeks 16–26 25 )
Saccular Period (Week 26 24–Birth)
Alveolar Period (Prenatal–Childhood) (week 36–8 years) Pleural Cavities Diaphragm
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS - COMPLICATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CONGENITAL DISEASE Choanal atresia
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Laryngeal Atresia Laryngeal Atresia Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Lung malformations Pulmonary Hypoplasia Congenital Cysts Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
ANATOMY
AIRWAYS & DEAD SPACE LUNGS Blood Supply of the Lungs Pleura DIAPHRAGM EXTERNAL ANATOMY THE THORACIC CAGE & MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION FLAIL CHEST
Respiratory tree Conducting zone Respiratory zone
HISTOLOGY
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM Club cells ALVEOLIAlveolar cell types Type I pneumocytes Type II pneumocytes Alveolar macrophages OLFACTORY CELLS
PHYSIOLOGY
LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES - PRESSURES AND VOLUMES DURING NORMAL BREATHING Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume Expiratory reserve volume Residual volume Inspiratory capacity Functional residual capacity Vital capacity Total lung capacity Work of breathing Measurement of Lung Volumes and Capacities Dilution tests Body plethysmography Anatomic Dead Space Physiologic Dead Space (Total Dead Space)- Determination of physiologic dead space
GAS LAWS
DIFFUSION
VENTILATION Alveolar Function Gas Exchange Surface Tension Surfactant Other Lung Products Ventilation Rate Minute Ventilation Alveolar Ventilation Inspiration Expiration Lung Compliance Compliance of the Lung–Chest Wall System
Lung and chest wall Elastic recoil
Compliance
Hysteresis
Mechanics of Breathing During the Respiratory Cycle
LUNG MECHANICS: ELASTIC FORCES
LUNG MECHANICS: AIRWAY RESISTANCE Forces Defined At Rest During Inspiration
At Maximum Inspiration
During Expiration At Maximum Expiration
Mechanical Ventilation
Airways Flow
ResistanceFactors That Influence Pulmonary Resistance
BLOOD GASES Oxygen Transport CARRIAGE OF Hemoglobin Oxygen content of blood Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Methemoglobin Cyanide vs carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon Dioxide TransportCARRIAGE OF ACID–BASE BALANCE Respiratory Acid-Base DisturbancesDISORDERS Pulmonary Circulation- AND ANATOMICAL RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTS Characteristics Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow Regulation of Pulmonary Blood Flow Pulmonary vascular resistance VENTILATION–PERFUSION MISMATCHING Alveolar gas equation EXERCISE, ALTITUDE AND DIVING Response to high altitude Response to exercise Hypoxemia Etiology Hypercapnia Control of Respiration - CONTROL OF BREATHING CHEMICAL MECHANISMS NEURAL MECHANISMS Central Control of Respiration Chemoreceptors Other Receptors
LUNG DEFENCE MECHANISMS
IMMUNOLOGY OF THE LUNG
PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY ON PHYSICAL EXAMINATION - BASES SÉMIOLOGIQUES Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation L’interrogatoire pneumologique
Les signes fonctionnels respiratoires
Les signes de gravité
La radiographie du thorax
L’évaluation de la fonction respiratoire
Détresse respiratoire aiguë : stratégie globale
HISTORY, EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATION
HISTORY AND EXAMINATION
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
CHEST IMAGING AND BRONCHOSCOPY
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SMOKING
RESPIRATORY FAILURE - DÉTRESSES RESPIRATOIRES - INSUFFICIENZA RESPIRATORIA Œdème aigu pulmonaire cardiogénique Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigu (SDRA) - ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME Insuffisance respiratoire aiguë des insuffisances respiratoires chroniques obstructives Hypoventilation Obstruction aiguë de la filière laryngo-trachéale et des grosses bronches
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-RELATED LUNG DISEASE
ALLERGY
HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
Inhalation injury and sequelae
APPAREIL RESPIRATOIRE ET SYSTÈME NERVEUX
Retentissement respiratoire des affections neuromusculaires
Syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil
PATHOLOGIE RESPIRATOIRE PROFESSIONNELLE ET TOXIQUE
Silicose et asbestose
Alvéolite allergique extrinsèque
Toxicité pulmonaire des médicaments
PATHOLOGIE RESPIRATOIRE ET CONTRE-INDICATIONS MÉDICAMENTEUSES
Bêta-bloquants et asthme (attention aux collyres)
Bêta-bloquants et BPCO
Sédatifs et insuffisance respiratoire
Antitussifs et insuffisance respiratoire.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
OXYGENATION AND OXYGEN THERAPY
PHARMACOLOGY
H1-BLOCKERS
First generation Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine- Names usually contain “-en/-ine” or “-en/-ate.”
Second generation Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine - Names usually end in “-adine.” Setirizine (cetirizine) is second-generation agent