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Reproductive, Gynecology & Obstetrics - Gynécologie & Obstétrique
MAPS
CONTENTS
GENERALITIES
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EMBRYOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE GENETICS
Important genes of embryogenesis
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene
Wnt-7 gene
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gene
Homeobox (Hox) genes
Early embryonic development
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 8
EMBRYOLOGIC DERIVATIVES
Ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Neural tube
Neural crest
Mesoderm
Endoderm
TERATOGENS
Medications
ACE inhibitors
Alkylating agents
Aminoglycosides
Antiepileptic drugs
Diethylstilbestrol
Fluoroquinolones
Folate antagonists
Isotretinoin
Lithium
Methimazole
Tetracyclines
Thalidomide
Warfarin
Substance use
Alcohol
Cocaine
Tobacco smoking
Other
Iodine lack or excess
Maternal diabetes
Maternal PKU
Methylmercury
X-rays
Types of errors in morphogenesis
Agenesis
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Disruption
Deformation
Malformation
Sequence
Field defect
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Neonatal abstinence syndrome
PLACENTA
Fetal component
Cytotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast
Maternal component
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios
Oligohydramnios
Twinning
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
Umbilical cord
Urachus
Patent urachus
Urachal cyst
Vesicourachal diverticulum
Vitelline duct
Patent vitelline duct
Vitelline duct cyst
Meckel diverticulum
PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS CAP
Pharyngeal cleft derivatives
Pharyngeal cleft cyst
Pharyngeal arch derivatives
Pharyngeal pouch derivatives
Orofacial clefts
REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT - GENITAL EMBRYOLOGY - GONADAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMBRYO
Female
Male
Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct
Müllerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster- Hauser syndrome)
Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
Determination of Sex
Genotypic Sex
Role of Hormones in Sexual Differentiation During Gestation
Early Development
Gonads
Genital Ducts
External Genitalia
Differentiation sexual differentiation - PHENOTYPIC SEX DIFFERENTIATION
Gonads
Genital Ducts
External Genitalia
Disorders of Sex Development
Gonadal Agenesis
Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development
Pseudohermaphroditism
Male Development
Testes
Internal Genitalia
External Genitalia
Male Congenital Malformations
Cryptorchidism
Congenital (Indirect) Inguinal Hernia
Congenital penile abnormalities
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Female Development
Ovaries
Internal Genitalia
Ligaments
External Genitalia
Breast Development
Female Congenital Malformations
Uterine Canal Abnormalities
Atresia of the Uterine Canal
Ovarian Hypoplasia
Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies
Septate uterus
Bicornuate uterus
Uterus didelphys
Descent of testes and ovaries
Gubernaculum
Processus vaginalis
REVIEW : MALE & FEMALE GENITAL HOMOLOGS
ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
Gonadal drainage
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
LOWER ABDOMEN AND PERINEUM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - GROSS ANATOMY OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT - MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Sperm Cells
Prostate
Genitourinary trauma
Renal injury
Bladder injury
Urethral injury
Autonomic innervation of male sexual response
Seminiferous tubules
Spermatogonia
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - GROSS ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT - MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Infundibulopelvic ligament
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament
Broad ligament
Cardinal ligament
Uterosacral ligament
Adnexal torsion
Pelvic organ prolapse
Uterine procidentia
Female reproductive epithelial histology
Vulva
Vagina
Ectocervix
Transformation zone
Endocervix
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Ovary, outer surface
The Breasts
PUBERTY IN BOYS
PUBERTY IN GIRLS
PHYSIOLOGY
THE PITUITARY GLAND AND GONADOTROPINS
GAMETOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS
OOGENESIS
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION
Ovulation
Menstrual cycle
Abnormal uterine bleeding
GONADAL STEROIDS - STEROID HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS - STEROID HORMONE MECHANISM OF ACTION AND METABOLISM
Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgens
MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE
FERTILIZATION AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY - PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES IN PREGNANCY - MATERNAL ADAPTATIONS TO PREGNANCY
Osmoregulation
Urinary System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Immune System
Skin and Bones
Prenatal Testing
The Placenta - PLACENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
THE PROTEIN HORMONES OF PREGNANCY
THE STEROID HORMONES OF PREGNANCY
Fetal Circulation
Twinning - Multifetal pregnancy
BREAST-FEEDING - LACTATION
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human placental lactogen
Apgar score
Low birth weight
LABOR
MENOPAUSE
Tanner stages of sexual development
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
DELAYED PUBERTY
CONTRACEPTION
PATHOLOGY GENETIC DISEASES
SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS
KLINEFELTER SYNDROME (47,XXY)
TURNER SYNDROME
DOUBLE Y MALES (XYY SYNDROME)
Other disorders of sex development
46,XX DSD
46,XY DSD
Ovotesticular DSD
Diagnosing disorders by sex hormones
Testosterone LH
Diagnosing disorders by physical characteristics
Uterus Breasts
Aromatase deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
5α-reductase deficiency
Kallmann syndrome
MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE
5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency
Androgen Insensitivity
FEMALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE
OVOTESTICULAR DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT
(FORMERLY TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM)
KALLMANN SYNDROME
MÜLLERIAN AGENESIS
PATHOLOGY FEMALE
ABNORMALITIES OF FEMALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
PREGNANCY
Teratogens
PLACENTAL DISORDERS
Placenta accreta spectrum
Placenta accreta
Placenta increta
Placenta percreta
Placenta Previa
Low-lying placenta
Vasa previa
Placental Abruption
Uterine rupture
Postpartum hemorrhage
Spontaneous pregnancy loss - Ectopic Pregnancy - Grossesse extra-utérine GEU
Labor abnormalities
Hydatidiform mole - GENETIC IMPRINTING AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT TUMORS
Complete mole
Partial mole
Choriocarcinoma
Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities
Polyhydramnios
Oligohydramnios
HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Gestational Hypertension
Preeclampsia
Severe Preeclampsia
Eclampsia
Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension
HELLP Syndrome
Supine hypotensive syndrome
Sheehan Syndrome
Amniotic Fluid Embolism Syndrome
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Gestational Neoplasms
Hydatidiform Mole
Choriocarcinoma
Gynecologic tumor epidemiology
VULVAR PATHOLOGY
Non-neoplastic
Bartholin cyst and abscess
Lichen sclerosus
Lichen simplex chronicus
Neoplastic
Vulvar carcinoma
Extramammary Paget disease
Imperforate hymen
VAGINAL DISEASES
Vaginismus
Condyloma Acuminata (Genital Warts)
Vaginal Tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Sarcoma Botryoides (Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Variant)
CERVICAL PATHOLOGY
Dysplasia and Carcinoma in Situ
Invasive Carcinoma
High-Risk HPV (Types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 39)
Acute Cervicitis
OVARIAN PATHOLOGY
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (Formerly Premature Ovarian Failure)
Most common causes of anovulation
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Primary dysmenorrhea - PRIMARY AMENORRHEA
SECONDARY AMENORRHEA
Hyperprolactinemia
Sexual dysfunction
Infertility
OVARIAN CYSTS - Tumeurs bénignes de l’ovaire
Follicular Cysts
Corpus Luteum Cysts
Theca Lutein Cysts
OVARIAN NEOPLASMS TUMORS
Epithelial Cell Tumors
Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Brenner
Serous carcinoma
Mucinous carcinoma
Endometrioid
Germ Cell Tumors
Mature cystic teratoma
Immature teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Yolk sac tumor
Endodermal sinus tumor
Embryonal carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Teratomas
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors
Fibroma
Thecoma
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor
Metastatic Tumors
UTERINE PATHOLOGY - CONDITIONS
Non-neoplastic uterine conditions
Adenomyosis
Asherman syndrome
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometritis
Endometriosis - Endométriose
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Salpingite aiguë
NEOPLASMS UTERUS
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Endometrial Carcinoma
Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
Leiomyosarcoma
BREAST PATHOLOGY
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
Fibrocystic Changes
Nonproliferative (cysts and fibrosis)
Proliferative (Epithelial hyperplasia & Sclerosing adenosis)
Inflammatory processes
Fat necrosis
Lactational mastitis
Benign tumors
Fibroadenoma
Intraductal Papilloma
Phyllodes Tumor
Acute Mastitis
Gynecomastia
MALIGNANT BREAST TUMORS - CANCER
Carcinoma in Situ - Noninvasive carcinomas
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Paget Disease of the Breast
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Invasive carcinomas
Invasive
Ductal
Invasive Lobular
Medullary
Inflammatory
Tubular
Mucinous (colloid)
Papillary
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS & OTHER GENITAL INFECTIONS
Sexually transmitted diseases of bacterial origin
Sexually transmitted diseases of viral origin
The special cases of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus
PATHOLOGY MALE
ABNORMALITIES OF MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
PENILE PATHOLOGY
Anatomic/Structural
Peyronie Disease
Ischemic Priapism
Inflammatory
Balanitis
Phimosis
Premalignant and Neoplastic Diseases
Bowenoid Papulosis
Bowen Disease
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
DISEASES OF THE TESTES
Congenital Abnormalities
Cryptorchidism
Infectious Diseases
Orchitis
Epididymitis
Structural/Anatomic Abnormalities
Torsion
Varicocele
Benign scrotal lesions
Congenital hydrocele
Acquired hydrocele
Spermatocele
Hematocele
Extragonadal germ cell tumors
TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS - TUMORS - Cancer du testicule
Germ Cell Tumors
Seminoma
Yolk Sac Tumor
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma
Embryonal Carcinoma
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors - Non–germ cell tumors
Leydig Cell Tumor
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Malignant Lymphoma - Primary testicular lymphoma
Hormone levels in germ cell tumors
PLAP
AFP
β-hCG
Epididymitis and orchitis
Epididymitis
Orchitis
PROSTATE DISEASES - Adénome et cancer de la prostate
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatitis
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND OTHER GENITAL INFECTIONS
PHARMACOLOGY
Control of reproductive hormones
DRUGS THAT MODULATE THE GONADOTROPIN AXIS
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Mixed Agonists/Antagonists Analogs ( Buserelin, Leuprolide, goserelin, nafarelin, histrelin )
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pure Antagonists (Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, Degarelix)
DRUGS THAT MODULATE THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Danazol
Androgen Agonists (Testosterone, Methyltestosterone)
Antiandrogens
Abiraterone
5α-Reductase Inhibitors (Finasteride)
Androgen Antagonists (Flutamide,bicalutamide)
Ketoconazole
Spironolactone
Nonhormonal Drugs
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors (Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil)
Tamsulosin
Minoxidil
DRUGS THAT MODULATE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
LABOR MODULATORS
Uterine Contractants (Oxytocin, Ergometrine)
Uterine Relaxants Tocolytics (Ritodrine, Salmeterol, Terbutaline)
HORMONE AGONISTS
Estrogen Agonists (Ethinyl Estradiol, DES, Mestranol)
Progesterone Agonists Progestins (Levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, etonogestrel, norethindrone, megestrol)
Androgen Agonists (Danazol)
HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (Clomiphene, Tamoxifen, Raloxifene)
Aromatase Inhibitors (Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane)
Hormone replacement therapy
Progesterone Inhibitors Antiprogestins (Mifepristone, aka RU-486, ulipristal)
Antiandrogens (Ketoconazole, Spironolactone)
Oral Contraceptives (Combined Progesterone and Estrogen) Progestins and ethinyl estradiol
Copper intrauterine device
HER2/neu Antagonists (Traztuzumab, Pertuzumab)
REFERENCES
Le. First Aid USMLE Step 1. Reproductive. 30e. 2020.
Le. First Aid Basic Sciences Organ Systems. Reproductive. 3e. 2017.
https://www.ataglanceseries.com/reproduction/
http://medimaps.co.uk/obs-gynae/
MORE REFERENCES
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